霍尔果斯口岸:加快建设向西开放国际物流大通道
8月的霍尔果斯铁路口岸,一片繁忙,每天20余列中欧(中亚)班列经此通行,带着“中国制造”源源不断走向中亚、欧洲市场。
今年是共建“一带一路”倡议提出十周年,新疆抢抓机遇,以“一港、两区、五大中心、口岸经济带”建设为抓手,加快推进丝绸之路经济带核心区建设,在更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次推进对外开放,大步迈向开放前沿。
霍尔果斯作为丝绸之路经济带核心区重要支点,充分利用国际国内“两个市场、两种资源”,发挥区位、政策、开放等特殊优势,加快建设我国向西开放的国际物流大通道。
从千年驿站到向西开放“黄金通道”
霍尔果斯之名始于元代,意为“驼队经过的地方”或“积累财富的地方”。霍尔果斯口岸是集公路、铁路、管道、航空、光缆、邮件“六位一体”的交通枢纽和综合性多功能口岸,优势尽显。
西汉时期,汉武帝派遣张骞出使西域,开启传奇“凿空之旅”,打通了横贯东西的古丝绸之路,霍尔果斯是其重要驿站之一。

一列满载着日用百货、服装玩具、汽车配件等的中欧班列从霍尔果斯铁路口岸驶出。 永程帆摄
乘着“一带一路”东风,沿着“凿空之路”,“钢铁驼队”书写新的丝路传奇:2016年3月19日,霍尔果斯口岸开行首趟中欧班列,7年来,进出境的中欧(中亚)班列数量年年攀升,从2016年的386列到2022年的7068列,保持高速增长态势,霍尔果斯口岸成为中欧班列西通道的重要支点。
“霍尔果斯有优越的区位优势,一头连着14亿人口的国内市场,一头连着12亿人口的中亚、西亚和欧洲市场。”伊犁州党委副书记、霍尔果斯经济开发区管委会主任、霍尔果斯市委书记郝建民表示,作为内外循环的结合点和对接区,霍尔果斯在构建新发展格局和稳定国际国内供应链、产业链中扮演重要一环,“外引内联、东联西出、西来东去”的便利和“两个市场、两种资源”的优势不断彰显。
曾经的丝路要冲,已成为“一带一路”沿线重要枢纽、我国向西开放“黄金通道”。
中欧班列开行“朋友圈”越来越大
8月1日17时50分,一列满载着日用百货、服装面料、电器零件等货物的中欧班列从霍尔果斯铁路口岸开出,驶往波兰马拉舍维奇,标志着霍尔果斯铁路口岸通行中欧(中亚)班列累计突破3万列。
“中欧班列载货量大、运输时效快、周期稳定,为企业节约了运输成本,许多客户已将中欧班列运输列为首选物流方案。”新疆中联海通国际货运代理有限公司霍尔果斯分公司业务主管郭春雷说。
目前,霍尔果斯铁路口岸开行班列线路77条,通达18个国家、45座城市,开行数量居全国铁路口岸首位,向西开放国际物流大通道形神具备,“朋友圈”越来越大。
今年,国产汽车搭乘中欧(中亚)班列出口成为亮点之一,多个国产品牌汽车从霍尔果斯铁路口岸出口至“一带一路”沿线国家。

新能源汽车搭载中欧(中亚)班列出口。 霍尔果斯融媒体中心供图
“今年6-7月,平均每天都有2到3列商品车专列经霍尔果斯铁路口岸出境。目前,仅我们公司代理出口的商品车就有3万余辆,同比增长20%。”霍尔果斯博报国际货运代理有限公司业务负责人李学风说。
近年来,随着新疆外贸经济提质扩量,班列线路覆盖范围更广,中欧班列在助推我国形成新发展格局的同时,也为共建国家创造出发展新机遇。比如搭载货物方面,中欧班列从最初单一的IT产品,扩大到衣服鞋帽、汽车汽配、化工品、机械设备等数百个品类,有力保障了国际产业链供应链安全稳定。
高效通行助力班列通行“加速跑”
雨过天晴,微风拂面。8月8日上午,在霍尔果斯口岸换装厂区,五颜六色的集装箱林立其间,伴随着机器的嗡嗡轰鸣,往来穿梭的龙门吊有条不紊地进行着吊箱作业,标准轨道旁,工作人员细致地检验着装载加固情况。

霍尔果斯站铁路工人进行换装作业。 人民网 李欣洋摄
霍尔果斯站货装值班员海米提·吐尔汗介绍,哈萨克斯坦铁路是宽轨,中国是准轨,入境班列要在换装场进行换装作业,才能顺利入境,“最初每天1-2列,现在每天有8-10列进行换装作业。工作量虽然变大了,但也见证了中欧班列开行越来越密,特别自豪。”

霍尔果斯站里等待查验的集装箱。 人民网 李欣洋摄
霍尔果斯站根据班列开行方案合理安排列车解编、车辆取送及到发线运用,推行译票审核、调车计划传达等作业环节前置,实现列车接发、车辆解编、货物装卸等作业有序衔接,提高了宽准轨列车周转率,确保不间断接发列车。
“面对中欧班列旺盛的运输需求,铁路部门2020年完成口岸站扩能改造,班列运输组织能力提升30%以上。”霍尔果斯站安全生产指挥中心调度员冯山涛介绍,自今年3月起,霍尔果斯站月度班列通行数量均保持在600列以上。
中欧班列高效开行的背后,也离不开海关监管部门的高效查验。为进一步提升口岸开放发展水平,提高口岸通关效率,霍尔果斯海关深入推进口岸“放管服”改革,优流程、减单证、提效率,持续改善口岸营商环境。

霍尔果斯海关关员对进口矿产品进行现场查验。 孙婉娇摄
霍尔果斯海关监管三科一级行政执法员阿不都哈力力·阿不都哈勒克说:“我们设立申报专用窗口,利用‘单一窗口’等智慧平台,实现一体化通关、无纸化申报,进一步简化班列通关手续,平均只需20-30分钟就可办完一整列班列的放行手续,确保班列‘即到即查’‘即验即放’。”
霍尔果斯海关相关负责人表示,为保障中欧班列高效通关,霍尔果斯海关立足保通关、提效能,主动对接企业进出口计划,紧盯发运需求支持“中欧班列+跨境电商”等多种贸易业态联动发展,提高班列装载率,力促更多商品搭载班列运输;深化铁路舱单系统运用,充分释放“铁路快通”模式改革效能,实现铁路换装、转关核放、推线查验等作业的无缝衔接,进一步畅通国际物流大通道。
(责编:陈新辉、韩婷)
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